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Abstract

The Blackgram culture VBG04-008 is a cross derivative of blackgram Vamban 3 x Vigna mungo var. silvestris 8 is released as TNAU blackgram VBN (Bg) 7 maturing in 65-70 days with an average height of 17 cm and suited for cultivation under both under rainfed and irrigated conditions. It has a yield potential of 981 Kg per hectare. This culture is resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus, Powdery mildew and Leaf Curl Virus and less damage of pod borer. It possesses desirable characters like high protein content (21.05%), crude fibre (5.90g/100g) and iron (3.76 mg/100g). Grains are medium sized with black in colour. It is recommended for cultivation in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa.

Keywords: VBG04-008; Blackgram; VBN 7 Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus; Powdery mildew-Rainfed; Irrigated

Introduction

Blackgram Vigna mungo (L.) popularly known as urdbean in India. Pulses are important source of dietary protein for majority of population of Indian sub-continent. Since, they are characterized by high protein content (20 - 25 %), on average 2 to 3 times higher than major cereals, pulses are of particular importance to low income countries where the major sources of protein are non-animal products [1]. The area for blackgram cultivation in Tamil Nadu is about 3.5 lakhs ha. The greengram and blackgram crops are susceptible to MYMV disease which leads to 100 per cent yield reduction. Farmers are getting reluctant to grow next season. Farmers are being raised quarries to scientists to develop Yellow Mosaic Virus resistant variety for cultivation or alternate resistant variety for removing susceptible varieties in cultivation.

The productivity of pulses is very low and unstable, as these crops encounters various biotic constrains. The most serious disease of blackgram is Yellow Mosaic Virus. Various national and international breeding programmes have put considerable efforts on host plant resistance; they have made progress in identifying resistance sources and their use in genetic enhancement [2]. The objectives of the study are to develop high yield with Yellow Mosaic Virus resistant varieties in blackgram. The interspecific hybridization has been initiated between Vigna mungo var. silvestris 8. Since resistant source is available in wild species Vigna. The cultivated blackgram types have been developed from the interspecific derivatives and resulted in new variety high yielding blackgram variety VBN(Bg) 7 with MYMV resistance released to forming community [3,4].

Materials and Methods

Crossing programme was started during season between Vamban 3 with Vigna mungo var. silvestris 8. The F1 to F6 generation was studied at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Primary and Advanced Yield Trials (PYT & AYT) were conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications along with local check variety at National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban from season. The culture VBG04-008 was further tested under multilocation trial (MLT) at different research stations of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during Kharif season [5-7]. It was promoted to Adaptive Research Trial (ART) during Kharif seasons and was tested under farmers holdings in collaboration with State Department of Agriculture and All India Coordinated Trial season. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the quality traits viz. protein (Kelplus), Crude Fibre (Kelplus), Iron (AASPEC), Phosphorus (AASPEC) and Ash (AASPEC) available at Home Science College, AC&RI, Madurai.

Result and Discussion

In the research station trials the culture VBG04- 008 has recorded 955 kg/ha which is 20.42% and 30.46% increased yield over the local checks Vamban 3 (793 kg/ha) and VBN (Bg) 4 (732 kg/ha) respectively. In Multilocational trial the culture VBG04-008 has recorded 783 kg/ha which is 15.31 and 11.55 per cent increase over the checks ADT 5 (679 kg/ha) and CO 5 (702 kg/ha) (Table 1). This results in agreed with VBN 8 or Vamban 8 blackgram [8].

Under irrigated condition the culture VBG04- 008 performed well by recording 961 kg/ha with an increase of 46.91% over Pant U 30, 46.71% over RBU 38 and 60.7% over TPU, 31.28% over VBN (Bg) 4, 41.53% over ADT 5 and 36.89% over CO 5 (Table 2). The same result revealed in Vamban 8 blackgram [8].

Under rainfed condition, the culture VBG04- 008 has recorded 882 kg/ha with 15.29% and 15.54% yield increase over the check varieties Vamban 4 (765 kg/ha), and CO 5 (744 kg/ha) respectively (Table 3).

In Adaptive Research Trials the culture VBG04-008 has recorded an average yield of 826 kg/ha which is 10.87% and 11.02% increase over the checks Vamban4 (745 kg/ha) and CO 5 (744 kg/ha) respectively [8].

In Initial Varietal Trial, the culture VBG 04-008 has recorded the grain highest yield of 1088 kg/ha which is 31.08%, 53.08%, 4.61%, 66.10% and 22.38% yield increase over the checks IPU 243 (830 kg/ha), Pant 30 ( 771 kg/ha), TPU 4 (1040 kg/ha), RBU 38 (655 kg/ha) and WBU 108 (889 kg/ha) respectively. In AVT 1, the culture VBG 04-008 has recorded the grain yield of 999 kg/ha which is 44.78%, 67.33%, 16.70%, 10.14%, 10.26% and 20.94% yield increase over the checks IPU 243 (690 kg/ha), Pant U 30 (597 kg/ha), WBU 108 (856 kg/ha), KU 96-3 (907 kg/ha) TPU (906 kg/ha) and WBU 109 (826 kg/ha) respectively. In AVT 2, the culture VBG 04-008 has recorded the grain yield of 980 kg/ha which was 27.27%, 48.03% and 25.48% yield increase over the check IPU 2-43 (770 kg/ha), PU 30 (662 kg/ha) and TU 94-2 (781 kg/ha) respectively [8].

In South Zone Advance Varietal Trials 2, this culture VBG04-008 has recorded highest grain yield of 737 kg/ha which is 11.32% increase over PU 30 (662 kg/ha). In Central Zone Advanced Varietal Trial 2, this culture VBG 04-008 has recorded highest grain yield of 1223 kg/ha with 11.68% increase over KU 96-3 (1095 kg/ha) and 19.43% increase over TPU 4 (1024 kg/ha) [8].

The overall average yield for VBG04-008 is 981 kg/ha with an increase percentage ranging from 8% to 50% over the national checks and 24% to 44% over the state checks (Table 1) [8].

The high yielding culture VBG04-008 possess other special advantages like short duration (65-70 days) and resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease, Powdery mildew and Leaf Curl Virus. The incidence of pod borer was comparatively lesser than check varieties (Table 4,5) [8].

Regarding cooking quality this culture VBG04-009 has recorded the better performance as compared to local ruling check VBN (Bg) 4. The protein and minerals content of the culture is higher than the check VBN (Bg) 4 (Table 6,7) [8].

Based on the high yield, resistance to MYMV and other desirable qualities. This culture VBG04-008 is identified as a new variety (Blackgram VBN(Bg) 7) for South Zone of India including Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa by Central Varietal Release committee and State varietal Release committee. This variety is occupied more area and this variety is using as donor for Yellow Mosaic Virus resistance by the students and researchers [8].

References

1. Benbelhassen Boubaker. 2005. Global supply, demand and trade of pulses: Past trends and future prospects in M.C. Kharkwal (ed.) 2008. Food Legumes for Nutritional Security and Sustainable Agriculture. Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, India. 1: 15-39.

2. Sarker A, Singh BB, Malhotra, et al. 2005. Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses in food legumes in M.C. Kharkwal (ed.) 2008. Food Legumes for Nutritional Security and Sustainable Agriculture. Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, India. 1: 15-39.

3. Pandiyan M, Senthil N, Sivakumar P, et al. 2010. Genetic diversity analysis among greengram genotypes using RAPD markers. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. 1: 466-473. Ref.: https://bit.ly/39jJvYx 

4. Pandiyan M, Senthil N, Ramamoorthi N, et al. 2012. Interspecific hybridization of Vigna radiata x 13 wild Vigna species for developing MYMV donar. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. 1: 600-610. Ref.: https://bit.ly/2QoPaE1 

5. AICRP (Kharif 2008). Annual Progress report of All India Co-ordinated research project on MULLaRP. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208 024.

6. AICRP (Kharif 2009). Annual Progress report of All India Co-ordinated research project on MULLaRP. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208 024.

7. AICRP on MULLaRP (2010-2011). Annual Progress report of All India Co-ordinated research project on Mungbean and Urdbean. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208 024.

8. Pandiyan M, Geetha S, Gnanamalar RP, et al. 2018. A new high yielding MYMV disease resistant blackgram variety VBN 8. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. 9: 1272-1279. Ref.: https://bit.ly/2Q5iOPH 

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